The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.